Certified Professional Horticulturist (CPH) Practice Exam

Which practice is effective in improving soil quality and nutrient availability?

1. Regular rotation of crops

2. Adding organic matter and compost

3. Using synthetic fertilizers exclusively

4. Frequent tilling of the soil

The correct answer is: Adding organic matter and compost

Adding organic matter and compost is an effective practice for improving soil quality and nutrient availability because it enhances the soil structure, increases its water retention capacity, and promotes the activity of beneficial soil microorganisms. Organic matter serves as a reservoir of nutrients that become available to plants as it decomposes. Compost, in particular, is rich in essential nutrients and provides a balanced supply of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are vital for plant growth. Additionally, the incorporation of organic matter improves the soil's buffering capacity, making it more resilient to fluctuations in pH and nutrient levels. This leads to a healthier, more productive growing environment where plants can access the nutrients they need more effectively. Unlike using synthetic fertilizers, which may lead to nutrient runoff and soil depletion over time, incorporating organic material promotes long-term sustainability and enhances the overall vitality of the soil ecosystem. Crop rotation can also be beneficial for soil health but is not as immediately impactful on nutrient availability as adding organic matter. Synthetic fertilizers can temporarily boost nutrient levels but do not improve soil structure and health in the same way that compost does. Frequent tilling can disrupt soil structure and harm microorganisms, which is contrary to improving soil quality.